Psychoanalysis
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"Where id is, there shall ego be." - Sigmund Freud
Freud, S. (n.d.). A quote from The Ego and the Id.
Retrieved January 16, 2017, from http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/110352-where-id-is- there-shall-ego-be
Goal:
“The overall goal of psychoanalysis is to achieve equilibrium between the id and the superego” (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 51)
“The overall goal of psychoanalysis is to achieve equilibrium between the id and the superego” (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 51)
Basic Principles of Psychoanalysis:
View of Human Nature
There are three personality structures where each have distinct personalities. The id (biological component, the superego (the social component), and the ego (the psychological component).
Id:
View of Human Nature
- Freud placed great emphasis on the influence of biology and early childhood experiences. Because of their biology, people go through predictable stages of psychosocial development and must struggle to find a balance between their strong sexual desires and behave in socially acceptable ways. (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p.44)
There are three personality structures where each have distinct personalities. The id (biological component, the superego (the social component), and the ego (the psychological component).
Id:
- Present at birth, it encompasses all inherited instincts
- The energy of the id seeks to satisfy the needs deriving from the messages of the body.
- The id has two important strategies for obtaining pleasure: reflex action and primary process
- Opposite of the id
- Internalizes the rules and guidelines of the person's world
- Moral conscious, which differentiates good and bad, right and wrong
- Not present at birth but evolves when the baby realizes it is being separated from its mother
- Aware of the pressures from the id and the rules of the superego
- The goal of the ego is to be the mediator of the id and the superego
- Decides when and how the person should respond to demands and identifies wise choices and behaviors that promote self-preservation
Stages of Development
The Oral Stage: The first year or so of a child's life. The mouth is the main zone of the body for the child. Sucking, eating, and biting occurs. The child expresses aggression through biting.
The Anal Stage: The second stage. Between the ages 18-36 months. Toilet training becomes the essential part of this stage. Depending on a parent's restrictive or rewarding techniques of toilet training, the child can develop stingy characteristics or foster creativity.
The Phallic Stage: The third stage. Between ages 3-5. At this age, children harbor unconscious sexual desires for the parent.
The Latency Stage: The fourth stage. Between ages 5-11. Quiet period in a child's sexual development. Social interests increase.
The Genital Stage: The fifth stage. At the end of the latency stage throughout the lifespan. Adolescents and adults solidify their personal identities, develop caring and altruistic feelings towards others, and establish positive loving and sexual relationship.
The Oral Stage: The first year or so of a child's life. The mouth is the main zone of the body for the child. Sucking, eating, and biting occurs. The child expresses aggression through biting.
The Anal Stage: The second stage. Between the ages 18-36 months. Toilet training becomes the essential part of this stage. Depending on a parent's restrictive or rewarding techniques of toilet training, the child can develop stingy characteristics or foster creativity.
The Phallic Stage: The third stage. Between ages 3-5. At this age, children harbor unconscious sexual desires for the parent.
The Latency Stage: The fourth stage. Between ages 5-11. Quiet period in a child's sexual development. Social interests increase.
The Genital Stage: The fifth stage. At the end of the latency stage throughout the lifespan. Adolescents and adults solidify their personal identities, develop caring and altruistic feelings towards others, and establish positive loving and sexual relationship.
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Levels of Consciousness
The Conscious - Awareness, always available to us
The Precocious - Not part of current awareness, but can be readily accessed
The Unconscious - Repressed drives and impulses and recollections of painful experiences
The Conscious - Awareness, always available to us
The Precocious - Not part of current awareness, but can be readily accessed
The Unconscious - Repressed drives and impulses and recollections of painful experiences
Dreams and Other Reflections of the Unconscious
Freud believed that dreams, symptoms, and errors all reflect the unconscious and its fantasies.
Freudian slip - a misstatement that reveals an unconscious wish or feelings
Freud believed that dreams, symptoms, and errors all reflect the unconscious and its fantasies.
Freudian slip - a misstatement that reveals an unconscious wish or feelings
Defense Mechanisms
According to Freud, people have an innate drive toward reduction of tension and anxiety, where anxiety derives from internal conflict
There are over 40 defense mechanisms, categorized various ways:
According to Freud, people have an innate drive toward reduction of tension and anxiety, where anxiety derives from internal conflict
There are over 40 defense mechanisms, categorized various ways:
- Primary vs. Secondary Defense Mechanisms
- Relationship to Developmental Stage
- Psychotic vs. Neurotic Defenses
- Immature vs. Healthy Defenses
(Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p. 44-49)